The major limitations of the study are the small size of the dataset and the fact that most of the surgeons who participated in the research were trauma and emergency surgeons. These results might not apply to other types of surgeons or scenarios.

Coauthors are Jayson S. Marwaha, MD, MBI; Brendin R. Beaulieu-Jones, MD, MBA; Margaret Berrigan, MD; William Yuan, PhD; Stephen R. Odom II, MD, FACS; Charles H. Cook, MD, FACS; Benjamin B. Scott, MD; Alok Gupta, MD, FACS; Charles S. Parsons, MD, FACS; and Anupamaa J. Seshadri, MD.


The study was supported by the National Library of Medicine.

This article is published as an article in press on the JACS website.

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