A streamlined MR technique could make prostate cancer diagnosis faster and more accessible, according to results from the PRIME trial published in JAMA.

The study, led by researchers from University College London, University College London Hospitals, and the University of Birmingham, found that a shorter, less resource-intensive MR scan was just as effective as the current standard approach.

The two-part MR scan, known as biparametric MR, takes 15 to 20 minutes to complete — roughly half the time of the conventional three-part multiparametric MR. The abbreviated scan also removes the need for a contrast dye and the presence of a physician during the procedure, potentially easing resource constraints.
The trial enrolled 555 men across 22 hospitals in 12 countries. Each participant underwent the full multiparametric MR, but radiologists separately reviewed the biparametric portion of the scan. Both imaging approaches detected clinically significant prostate cancer in 29% of patients.

“Currently around four million MR scans are needed each year globally to diagnose prostate cancer,” said associate professor Veeru Kasivisvanathan, the study's chief investigator. “If we can do the scan in up to half the time, with fewer staff and at lower cost, that will make a huge difference in allowing every man who needs a scan to be able to get one in a timely fashion.”

The cost implications are notable. In the NHS, a standard three-part scan averages £273, compared to £145 for the shortened version — a 47% cost reduction.

Radiologists involved in the study emphasized the importance of maintaining image quality and ensuring scans are interpreted by specialists in prostate imaging. “Being able to make accurate diagnoses without the contrast stage will reduce scan time,” said associate professor Francesco Giganti, “but it is vital that the scans are of optimal diagnostic quality.”

The findings may influence national screening efforts, including Prostate Cancer UK’s upcoming TRANSFORM trial.

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