3. Response - These activities take place immediately following the emergency and include taking actions toward recovery such as assigning responsibilities, arranging resources, documenting all activities, conducting debriefing meetings and activating an incident command system.
4. Recovery - The study states the goal of this phase "is to restore the institution's operations, including the promotion of emotional healing for all parties affected by the crisis; restoring buildings, daily operations, key information systems, communication channels and class sessions; and initiating financial protocols."

According to the study, "planning and organization are imperative for schools to cope with unique problems and emergency situations that may arise ... The literature review and description of findings from the online search indicate that radiologic science educators and educators of all disciplines should become familiar with their university's existing emergency preparedness plan. This includes knowing if the key components address measures for preventing and responding to crisis events such as school shootings." The study also suggests that "radiologic science educators should educate their students on how to respond to emergency situations to save their lives and the lives of others."


In addition, collegiate programs should have a good working relationship with their local homeland security and disaster response teams.

"The first step," said Curtis, "is to evaluate their existing emergency preparedness plan for what is in place and what is missing. The second step is to address what is missing from the plan."

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