The American Journal of Epidemiology published two studies showing that there is a positive correlation between nonfat and low-fat mild consumption and the risk of prostate cancer.

In one study, questionnaires filled out by 82,483 men in the Multiethnic Cohort Study - 4,404 of whom developed prostrate cancer over a mean follow-up of eight years. Consuming one cup or more per day of low-fat or nonfat milk showed a positive link for developing prostate cancer. On the other hand, consuming whole milk showed a decreased risk for total prostate cancer. This includes non-advanced, advanced and fatal cases.

There was no association between calcium and vitamin D intake and prostate cancer risk whether taken in food or supplements.

A total of 293,888 participants were assessed in another study of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-AARP Diet and Health. In this study, 10,180 were prostate cancer patients. Skim milk consumption at two or more servings per day was positively linked to an increased risk of advanced prostate cancer.

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