A new online tool for calculating colorectal cancer risk in men and women age 50 or older was launched this week, based on a new risk-assessment model developed by researchers at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the National Institutes of Health. This new tool may assist health care providers and their patients in making informed choices about when and how to screen for colorectal cancer and can be used in designing colorectal cancer screening and prevention trials. An article describing the new risk-assessment model and a second article describing its validation appears online in the (December 29, 2008) Journal of Clinical Oncology. The risk assessment tool is available on the NCI Web site at www.cancer.gov/colorectalcancerrisk, and people using this tool should work with their health care providers to interpret the results.

Using easily obtainable information (e.g., personal and family medical history, lifestyle behaviors, and age), the tool provides an estimate of an individual's risk of developing colorectal cancer over certain time periods (within five years, 10 years, and over the course of a lifetime). This risk-assessment model is the first to provide an absolute risk estimate for colorectal cancer (i.e., the probability of developing colorectal cancer over a given period of time) for the general, non-Hispanic white population age 50 or older in the United States.

"Much like the NCI's breast cancer and melanoma risk assessment tools, this new colorectal cancer risk assessment tool should prove useful not only in counseling patients on their individual risk, but also in helping plan the type and frequency of screening interventions," said NCI Director John E. Niederhuber, M.D. "As we move toward an era of personalized medicine, the ability to assess an individual patient's cancer risk and thereby improve our ability to apply appropriate prevention measures is of vital importance."
Approximately one in 18 Americans will develop colorectal cancer at some point during his or her lifetime. In 2008, an estimated 148,810 people will be diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the United States and another 49,960 will die of the disease. There are several screening options for colorectal cancer, including fecal occult blood tests (which look for the presence of blood in stool samples), sigmoidoscopy (which uses a lighted probe to inspect the sigmoid, or lowest part, of the colon), colonoscopy (which uses a lighted probe to inspect the entire colon), and computerized tomographic colonography, also known as virtual colonoscopy (which uses CT scans, a type of x-ray, to create images of the entire colon). Having additional information about an individual's risk could aid health care providers and their patients in making decisions about which screening regimen to pursue.

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